Interactive Journal of Medical Research

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already fundamentally changing society, with medicine being no exception. AI will impact how we practice, how hospitals operate, and even the practice of medicine itself. The use of AI-based products has already begun, with examples including AI scribes and large language models such as ChatGPT. Work is ongoing to produce models that have specific functions within medicine, such as kidney injury prediction. However, transformative foundational work, such as AlphaFold (for protein structure prediction), also promises to completely change the way we approach medicine. Therefore, clinicians must develop a clear understanding of AI, not as an optional skill, but as a core competency of modern medical practice. This paper serves as a tutorial to guide medical professionals through the basic principles of AI. It will teach clinicians how to build a mental scaffold to understand and springboard into AI. The core parts of this paper are organized in steps, with additional relevant topics addressed in modules at the end of the paper. The core steps are meant to be read sequentially. To prepare the reader for the rest of the paper, this tutorial will first introduce what AI is and then cover some basic definitions needed to understand other concepts. The reader will then be ready to understand what deep learning is and the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning. Finally, the reader will go through how deep learning models learn. Separate modules on safety and clinical applications are also included. This tutorial is relevant to clinicians at all levels but may be particularly useful for practicing clinicians who are encountering AI tools integrated into their practices without previous formal education in the field. Users of this tutorial can refer to specific sections or read the entire paper.

Dance is a complex mode of physical activity (PA) behavior and an art form, and one’s participation in dance may occur across discrete contexts throughout the lifespan. To further advance the study of lifetime participation in dance behavior, reliable questionnaires are needed.

Postoperative sleep is closely associated with recovery among patients undergoing surgery.

The increasing number of older adults living with chronic conditions has led to rapid growth in information and communication technologies (ICTs) designed to support chronic disease self-management. Although many technologies target behaviors such as medication adherence, physical activity, dietary management, and follow-up care, the breadth, characteristics, and design considerations of these tools for adults aged 65 years and older have not been comprehensively reported.

The use of dietary supplements (DSs) can lead to an excessive intake of certain nutrients, posing potential health risks. However, studies are scarce on whether DS users adhere to recommended doses provided by the manufacturer and what factors are associated with overconsumption of DS.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a major and growing global health burden. Their pathogenesis is complex, and effective therapies remain limited. Gene editing and stem cell–based strategies are reshaping the therapeutic landscape. However, the field has not been systematically examined through bibliometric analysis.

Frailty increases with age and is associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. International guidelines recommend screening for frailty in primary care; however, this is not routine practice in Australia. Once identified, frailty progression has the potential to be halted or reversed with early intervention. The FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, Loss of weight) Scale Tool, a simple and validated screening and management tool, offers a feasible approach for integration into the Australian health assessment for those aged 75 years and older (75+HA), which can be performed annually by primary care providers.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), represent an increasing clinical and public health burden in India. Despite their high prevalence, there are limited data on their diagnostic and management approaches among Indian health care providers. Real-world evidence on how Indian gastroenterologists and hepatologists diagnose and manage these conditions remains limited.

The rising cost of unscheduled acute health care, particularly for emergency department (ED) visits, poses significant financial burdens. In 2021, aggregate costs for treat-and-release ED visits in the United States accounted for an estimated US $80 billion, while the total annual cost of diabetes was US $412.9 billion in 2022—representing about 1 in every 4 health care dollars, 61% of which are directly linked to diabetes.

Self-rated health (SRH) is a robust predictor of morbidity, functional decline, and mortality in later life. As internet use becomes increasingly embedded in older adults’ daily routines, clarifying its association with SRH and the pathways through which it may operate is important for research, practice, and policy.

Aged care has recently undergone major transformations due to demographic aging and the concomitant need to manage health care costs. New emerging technologies (ETs) have started to play central roles in the daily management of older adults. For these transformations to effectively promote successful and active aging, it is essential to understand the opinions of older adults on the impact that technology can have on their vulnerabilities and aging process.

Social isolation and loneliness have considerable health implications. Research indicates that older men are generally more susceptible to social isolation compared with women, highlighting the need to integrate gender-responsive approaches in the development and implementation of interventions for mitigating social isolation and loneliness in later life.