Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Blended Treatment for Major Depression Compared With Treatment as Usual Within Routine Care in Europe: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial

Heleen Riper   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Annet Kleiboer   ¹ , PhD ;   Adriaan Hoogendoorn   ² , PhD ;   Judith Bosmans   ³ , PhD ;   Mieke Schulte   ^{1, 4} , PhD ;   Kim Mathiasen   ⁵ , PhD ;   Jean Baptiste Hazo   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Jerome Holtzmann   ^{8, 9} , PhD ;   Karine Chevreul   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   David Daniel Ebert   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Ingrid Titzler   ^{11, 12} , PhD ;   Mathias Berking   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Burkhardt Funk   ¹³ , PhD ;   Anneke van Schaik   ² , PhD ;   Lise Kemmeren   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Roman Cieslak   ^{15, 16} , PhD ;   Ewelina Smoktunowicz   ¹⁷ , PhD ;   Anna Maj   ¹⁷ , PhD ;   Cristina Botella   ^{18, 19} , PhD ;   Azucena Garcia-Palacios   ^{18, 19} , PhD ;   Rosa Banos   ^{19, 20} , PhD ;   Rocío Herrero   ^{19, 20} , PhD ;   Gerhard Andersson   ^{21, 22, 23} , PhD ;   Naira Topooco   ^{21, 24} , PhD ;   Kristofer Vernmark   ²¹ , PhD ;   Thomas Berger   ²⁵ , PhD ;   Tobias Krieger   ²⁵ , PhD ;   Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja   ^{26, 27} , PhD ;   Asmae Doukani   ²⁶ , PhD ;   Ricardo Araya   ²⁸ , PhD ;   Eirini Karyotaki   ^{1, 29} , PhD ;   Spyros Kolovos   ³ , PhD ;   Mark Hoogendoorn   ³⁰ , PhD ;   Ward van Breda   ³⁰ , PhD ;   Pepijn van de Ven   ³¹ , PhD ;   Artur Rocha   ³² , PhD ;   Gonçalo Gonçalves   ³² , MSc ;   Pim Cuijpers   ¹ , PhD

¹ Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

² Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

³ Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

⁴ Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Clinical Psychology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

⁵ Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

⁶ ECEVE, UMR 1123, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

⁷ Health Economics Research Unit, Inserm, University of Paris, Paris, France

⁸ Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Hôpital Nord, Grenoble, France

⁹ Fondation FondaMental (FondaMental Foundation), Créteil, France

¹⁰ Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

¹¹ Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

¹² Institute of Psychology, UMIT TIROL, Private University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria

¹³ Institute of Information Systems, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany

¹⁴ Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ InGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹⁵ Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland

¹⁶ Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States

¹⁷ StresLab Research Centre, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland

¹⁸ Department of Basic Psychology, Clinical and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain

¹⁹ CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

²⁰ Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

²¹ Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

²² Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-EnvironmentInteraction Labs, Lisboa, Portugal

²³ Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden

²⁴ Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

²⁵ Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

²⁶ Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

²⁷ School of Allied Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom

²⁸ Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

²⁹ Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

³⁰ Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

³¹ Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

³² Human-Centered Computing and Information Science, Institute for Systems Engineeringand Computers Technology and Science (INESCTEC), Porto, Portugal