Effects of a Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation Chatbot on Information Needs in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Mixed Methods Randomized Controlled Trial

Hee Jeong Hwang   ¹ , BS ;   Junghwan Kim   ¹ , BS ;   Dongseok Heo   ² , BS ;   Jeong Yun You   ¹ , BS ;   Jeonghwan Lee   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Soie Kwon   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Kyung Don Yoo   ⁷ , PhD ;   Jung Han Yoon Park   ⁸ , PhD ;   Bongwon Suh   ^{2, 8} , PhD ;   Jung Pyo Lee   ^{3, 4 *} , PhD ;   Ki Won Lee   ^{1, 8, 9, 10 *} , PhD

¹ Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

³ Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, SNUH SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

⁸ Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

⁹ Center for Food and Bio convergence and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁰ Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally